If you have a pet squirrel, chances are they have one or more parasites. The most common parasites are Mycobacterium lepromatosis, C. sciurorum, and raccoon roundworm. But what exactly are these parasites? Read on to learn more. Listed below are a few of the most common types of parasites, and how you can identify them.
Table of Contents
C. sciurorum
Grey and red squirrels are commonly infested with C. sciurorum, a nematode with a wide range of geographic distribution. It also occurs in the Nearctic and North American sciurids. In the United States, it is mostly found in grey squirrels, though T. calcaratus has also been identified in red squirrels and alien cotton-tail rabbits.
Red squirrels are especially susceptible to neoplastic disease. There have been cases of pulmonary carcinoma, lymphosarcoma, and trichoepithelioma. In addition, pulmonary cancer, gastric spindle cell tumour, and renal papillary adenoma have all been reported in red squirrels. Moreover, the incidence of fleas and ixodid ticks was reported in more than one-third of red squirrels from IoW and Scotland.
Sucking louse and flea species are common among grey squirrels. C. sciurorum, a parasitic nematode, has an extensive Holarctic distribution. Despite this, it is thought that grey squirrels may have acquired C. sciurorum from red squirrels, affecting their population. Research is ongoing to determine the effects of grey squirrels on red squirrels, which are also infected by C. sciurorum.
Mycobacterium lepromatosis
Researchers have found an unusual strain of Mycobacterium leprae in red squirrels from Ireland, England, and Brownsea Island. The disease is closely related to that of humans, and researchers suspect that these squirrels could be acting as reservoirs for human leprosy. The new strain was most closely related to the species that circulated in medieval England. This discovery is a surprising development.
A group of researchers in Scotland recently submitted sporadic cases of red squirrels with similar gross lesions. They detected two cases in 2006 and three in 2013. Of the three remaining cases, one was lost due to freezer breakdown. PCR analyses were performed on the remaining three squirrels. All three tested positive for Mycobacterium leprae, a bacterium that causes similar lesions in humans.
The researchers are not sure how the squirrels contracted the disease. The infection can be passed to humans via their fur. Some squirrels show signs of leprosy, such as swollen limbs and hair loss. In some cases, symptoms may not even be evident. However, the disease can still be lethal for humans. If you are worried about the health of your pets, it’s important to learn more about Mycobacterium lepromatosis in squirrels.
Raccoon roundworm
The most common neurological disease in squirrels is raccoon roundworm, which is transmitted to humans through the eggs that the worms lay in the animal’s feces. When a squirrel comes into contact with raccoon roundworm, it will exhibit a lack of balance and coordination. This condition will lead to blindness and even coma. In more serious cases, the affected squirrel may even die.
The eggs of raccoon roundworms do not become infected immediately. Instead, they remain in their larvae for about 21 days before they become infective. The larvae are highly resistant to antiseptics and disinfectants. Although raccoon roundworm infection is uncommon in humans, it can be dangerous to humans if infected. Infected raccoons can carry the parasite in their feces and nesting materials.
Bot fly
The tree squirrel bot fly is a common parasite of squirrels. The larva develops into an adult fly during the winter and spring months. During the puparium phase, two pale yellow flowers-like spiracles evert. The larva emerges from its host after several weeks of feeding. Scientists have documented the presence of bot fly in squirrels throughout North America and Europe. To see these creatures in action, take a look at a photo of the larvae taken by Paul M. Choate.
The larvae of bot flies usually reside under the skin, not deep inside the muscle tissues. While the larvae of these insects can be infectious, they cannot transmit the disease from human to human or pet-to-pet. Healthy squirrels can tolerate the flies. Infested rabbits, cats, dogs, and other rodents may also be hosts to bot flies. Regardless of the species, removing these flies from the squirrel’s body can be very effective in eliminating their presence in a specific region.
What do parasites in a squirrel look like?
Most parasites in a squirrel are invisible to the naked eye and can only be seen using a microscope.
What do squirrels carry parasites?
Squirrels can carry a variety of parasites including fleas mites lice and ticks.
These parasites can cause a variety of problems for the squirrel including anemia skin irritation and even death.
Jessica Watson is a PHD holder from the University of Washington. She studied behavior and interaction between squirrels and has presented her research in several wildlife conferences including TWS Annual Conference in Winnipeg.
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